Becoming a British citizen is a big step — and the process can seem confusing. This UK naturalisation guidance explains how the UK naturalisation application works, who can apply, and what documents you need to prepare.
What is naturalisation?
Naturalisation is the process of becoming a British citizen after living in the UK for several years. It allows you to enjoy full rights, including voting, working freely, and holding a British passport.
Who can apply for UK naturalisation?
You can apply for British citizenship by naturalisation if you meet the following conditions:
You’re 18 or older.
You’ve lived in the UK legally for at least 5 years.
You have Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) or settled status for at least 12 months before applying.
You were physically in the UK exactly 5 years before the Home Office receives your application.
You haven’t spent more than 450 days outside the UK in the past 5 years or more than 90 days in the past year.
You pass the Life in the UK Test and meet the English language requirement.
You are of good character (no serious criminal record or immigration breaches).
UK naturalisation application in 6 steps
The UK naturalisation application is completed online using Form AN. Here’s what to do:
Make sure you meet all the rules before starting.
Gather documents – passport, proof of ILR or settled status, residence evidence, Life in the UK Test certificate, English test certificate, and referee details.
Pay the fee.
Book a biometric appointment through UKVCAS to give fingerprints and a photo.
Wait for a decision — it can take several months.
If approved, you’ll get an invitation to attend a citizenship ceremony and receive your certificate of naturalisation.
After you’re approved
After you receive your certificate, you can apply for a British passport. You’ll then enjoy full rights as a British citizen, including access to public services and the ability to vote in UK elections.
Common mistakes to avoid
Many UK naturalisation applications are delayed or refused because of small errors. Avoid these common problems:
Missing or incorrect documents
Too many absences from the UK
Failing to pass the English or Life in the UK tests before applying
Providing inconsistent information
Outstanding tax or legal issues
Always double-check your documents and ensure your answers match official records.
UK naturalisation guidance recap
Step / Requirement | Details & Key information |
Purpose | The UK naturalisation application allows foreign nationals to become British citizens. |
Minimum residence | 5 years living legally in the UK (3 years if married to a British citizen) |
Immigration status | Must hold Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) or settled status for at least 12 months before applying |
Physical presence | Must have been in the UK exactly 5 years before the application date |
Absence limit | No more than 450 days abroad in the last 5 years and 90 days in the final year |
English & Life in the UK Test | Must pass both (unless exempt) |
Good character requirement | No serious criminal record, unpaid taxes, or immigration offences |
Application method | Complete Form AN online. |
Fee | Approximately £1,580 (non-refundable if refused) |
Biometrics | Fingerprints and photo at a UKVCAS appointment |
Processing time | Usually several months; depends on Home Office workload |
Decision | Receive an approval letter or refusal notice |
Citizenship ceremony | Attend ceremony, take the oath, and receive your Certificate of Naturalisation |
After approval | Apply for a British passport and enjoy full citizenship rights |
Applying for naturalisation takes time and accuracy, but with proper preparation and the right documents, the process is straightforward and rewarding.
